How Is A Computer Network - 873 Words

How to Define a Computer Network No matter how it is described or reported â€Å"computer network† continue being a difficult phrase to define. Computer IT technicians do not know how to approach to a regular person, and describe the operation of a simple computer networking . In the other hand, and this is also important, â€Å"regular normal† people seem not to care how important a computer network is, and what it really means. Maybe is because most of the time the computer network always is â€Å"behind the scenes†, and people when use a computer network do not realize how they are connected. Even though computer network have many interpretations, it can be explained in three forms to those who are not familiarized with the phrase; and are examples of computer networks, definition, and last but not least the cause and effect of computer network. Now a days most electronic devices are computer automated; some others are still, and old, mechanically operated. A child can spend hours in front of an iPad to entertain him or herself, also a retired adult can spend the same amount of hours in front of a computer or smart TV. These devices are in a network, equipments and computers are integrated, and working to make each connection reliable. Some examples of networking are: Communication Telephony network; as a smart phone, carriers, brands, operation systems, where all your personal and medical data can be saved. House network or internet of things, where a coffee pot can prepare coffee,Show MoreRelatedEssay On How Computers Communicate On A Network Through Router1180 Words   |  5 PagesHow Computers communicate on a network through Router Background Information Every home that has internet connectivity has a router. Just like the name suggest, a router makes routing decisions in networking. What this means is, the router is responsible for directing packets or data from one network node to another node. A node simply is a device on a network, i.e. Desktop, server, laptop etc. In this description, I will explain in simple terms exactly how a computer on a network is able to sendRead MoreHow The Bank Organization Affect The Implementation Of Computer Networks3152 Words   |  13 Pagesa. Explain how the bank organization could be benefited due to the implementation of computer networks and how the resources could be utilized in an efficient manner with the computer network ïÆ'Ëœ The Benefits of having computers networks for organisation are: †¢ Users can access their files from any network. Within the network covered, expensive devices such as laser printers or scanners can be shared. †¢ The software and resources within the area of networks can be well organized and centrally managedRead MoreHow Security Is Important For A Successful And Secure Computer Network System942 Words   |  4 PagesAbstract This paper is intended to speak the network security in a brief, more focus on the strategies and practical implementations to be done for a successful and secured Computer networking and Information systems, minor the possible threats and challenges against them and with a conclusive discussion of importance of rapid research for secured computer network system. Keywords: Research, Plans, System,Security,Threats. Strategies and Plans in Executing Information SecurityRead MoreAsoida1550 Words   |  7 PagesFOLLOWING QUESTIONS. TRUE OR FALSE True 1. All types of computers and mobile devices serve as sending and receiving devices in a communications system. False 2. On a client/server network, the client controls access to the resources on the network and provides a centralized storage area. (422) True 3. On a P2P network, each computer has equal responsibilities and capabilities. (422) False 4. Wi-Fi networks cannot be integrated with Ethernet networks. (427) False 5. Most current operating systems doRead MoreMonitor The Network Of Home And Office Essay1266 Words   |  6 PagesObjective The objective of this project is to monitor the network of home and office and also to measure and provide network monitoring speed, power up and power down features for specific device. This also helps in monitoring the selected network devices along with speed uptime. In addition, this project also scans and provides the actual number of active computers in a network. Following are the project objectives 1. To publish network monitoring speed when a certain threshold is reached. 2. ToRead MoreNetwork Troubleshooting Essay1009 Words   |  5 PagesWhen troubleshooting a computer network, it is very important that we look at every small detail in that network. One small mistake like a mistyped number can make all the difference in the way a network performs. In the case of the diagram E-1, there are many problems like this that can cause the network to not perform the way it is supposed to. Some of these problems include the IP addresses, subnet masks, and default gateways in this network. All of these things need to be correct and workingRead MoreNt1210 Unit 2 Assignment1001 Words   |  5 Pages1 LAN Local Area Network is a computer network that interconnects computers within a limited area such as a home, school, computer laboratory, or office building using network media. MAN Metropolitan Area network is a computer network in which two or more computers or communicating devices or networks which are geographically separated but in same metropolitan city and are connected to each other are said to be connected on MAN. PAN personal area network is a computer network used for data transmissionRead MoreOperating System and Network Administration Essay1729 Words   |  7 PagesThe Role of Operating Systems and Network Administration in the IS Curriculum D. Robert Adams and Carl Erickson Grand Valley State University Department of Computer Science and Information Systems Allendale, MI 49401 USA Abstract The reliance by companies of all sizes on information technology creates strong demand for system and network administration jobs. Information System majors will increasingly find themselves with opportunities and responsibilities in these areas. However, teachingRead MoreComputer Networking Security Essay885 Words   |  4 PagesInformation technology and computer networking play an important part of our everyday lives. We definitely depend on computers much more than we realize. Even for those of us who may not have a desk job, we use the computer at least a half a dozen times on our way to work. Our alarm, the coffee maker, our vehicle†¦almost every aspect of our life is influenced by computers. Technical support is utilized more than it should be. Several issues that the ordinary, average user faces can easily be resolvedRead MoreSci 110 Assignment 1 Applications of the Scientific Method1280 Words   |  6 Pageshypothesis suggested, and observations recorded. Several different troubleshooting methods already exist but according to CompTIA; there are six steps to solve a problem. Drawing a parallel these steps are all included into the scientific method, but how? Scientific method CompTIA troubleshooting Method, Ask a Question - Identify the problem, Do Background research - Establish a theory of probable cause, Construct Hypothesis Test - the theory to determine the cause, Test your hypothesis by Doing experiment

The Canadian Constitution Act Of 1982 - 2150 Words

Part I: Mandatory Long Essay Question (24 points) In The Value of A just Society, Pierre Elliott Trudeau explained that the Constitution Act of 1982’s primary goal was to protect individual rights rather than collective rights. Furthermore, he thought territorially concentrated minorities should not be given special rights. Analyse the linguistic rights and the Aboriginal rights jurisprudence since 1982 and determine if Trudeau’s constitutional objective has materialized. Your answer should be no more than 1500 words. In examining the constitutional jurisprudence since 1982, it can be seen that most cases have followed along with Trudeau’s objectives of individual rights protection. However, Trudeau’s article The Value of a Just Society notes that communal rights of Aboriginal communities represent a notable exception. He defends this, mentioning that these collective rights are enshrined where â€Å"the rights of individuals may be indistinct and difficu lt to define.† The Canadian Constitution is uncommon in the fact that it protects cultural rights, such as linguistic and Aboriginal rights. It is important for Canada to protect these rights, as Canada is made up of many different groups of people. It was Trudeau’s desire that the constitution protect everyone equally, â€Å"without discrimination based on race, national or ethnic origin, color, religion, sex, age or mental or physical disability.† By assigning rights to the individual rather than to collectives, linguisticShow MoreRelatedCanadian Constitution Act of 19822240 Words   |  9 Pagesmyself thinking sociologically when I realized that equality in Canada is less practiced as what the Canadian Constitution Act of 1982 claims. In this constitution, it is stated that every individual should be treated equally regardless of their race, ethnicity, colour, religion, sex, age, and any disability; however, in reality, individuals experience inequality in the form of racism throughout the Canadian society. For instance, a few months ago, a black male was asked to leave the St. Laurent shoppingRead MoreBritish Influence in Canadian Government960 Words   |  4 Pageswith Britain British influence on Canadian government Many of the political pressures in Canada today have their roots in the way the country was shaped politically over 150 years ago. How we do things now is based on institutions of government that go back even further. Eugene A. Forsey, until his death considered the foremost expert on the Canadian Constitution, wrote in how Canadians govern themselves: it is necessary to understand that our written Constitution, unlike the American, is not a singleRead MoreThe Compact Theory And Its Impact On The Federal And Provincial Relations1426 Words   |  6 Pagesindeed, has been the impact on the federal and provincial relations. Prior to 1867 constitutions, there was not a central or federal government; it was only English and French speaking people in Canada. In other word, the 1867 was basically an agreement between English and French people in Canada. Provincial rights and federal-provincial relations has also many conflicts which began very early after the 1867 Constitutions. The provincial rights and provincial independents are few conflicts between theRead MorePierre Trudeau Made Canada What it Is Today!764 Words   |  3 Pageseffective prime minister because he created the Constitution Act as well as the Charter of Rights and Freedoms, made the Official Languages Act and decided to use the War Measures Act during the October crisis. These made Canada what it is today because of Pierre Trudeau. Pierre Trudeau made Canada what it is today in a positive manner by creating the Constitutions Act as well as the Charter of Rights and Freedoms. The Constitutions Act started in 1982. The act allowed everyone to have fundamental freedomsRead Moreï » ¿Tensions between the French and English speaking Canadians.1562 Words   |  7 PagesTensions between the French and English speaking Canadians has been a topic issue for quite some time now. Throughout the years it has been questioned as to wether or not the French and English speaking Canadians have the potential ability to be together as a nation. Various votes have been held in order to try and establish what the people of Canada feel about this situation. However, the history of the English and French speaking Canadians prove that Canada is an impossible nation. Foreign PoliciesRead MoreQuebec: Distinct Society Essay1486 Words   |  6 Pagesunder the Royal Proclamation of 1763. Special provisions were granted to Quebec. The Qu ebec Act of 1774 allowed Quebec the free exercise of the Roman Catholic religion, including the right of the Church to collect tithes; recognized the seigneurial system; and established that civil suits would be tried under French civil law and criminal cases would be tried under British common law. In Addition the act provided for an appointed legislative council that would include both French- and English-speakingRead MoreThe Greatest Pop Star : Pierre Elliott Trudeau1722 Words   |  7 Pagespost-war Prime Minister because he unified Canada and reshaped the Canadian identity. He did this by establishing the Official Languages Act, stopped terrorism carried out by the Front de libà ©ration du Quà ©bec and enacted the Charter of Rights and Freedoms, all which are incredibly momentous for Canada. The Official Languages Act gave Canada its bilingual identity. The French Canadians did not wish to share the aspects of English-Canadian life and English Canada aimed to remove the French. These twoRead MoreEssay on Pierre Elliot Trudeau1205 Words   |  5 Pagesor she faces. Looking at the fifteen years he was in power, Pierre Elliot Trudeau did exactly that. For instance, he implemented the Official Languages Act and made bilingualism law. In another case, he put an end to the October Crisis by putting into effect the War Measures Act. Finally, Trudeau amended the Constitution which gave Canadians a Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Pierre Elliot Trudeau was a successful Prime Minister who accomplished his goals despite facing enormous opposition. Read MoreIs The Canadian Charter Of Rights And Freedoms Perfect?1276 Words   |  6 PagesIs the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms Perfect? Introduction The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is without a doubt one of Canada’s most important section entrenched in the Canadian Constitution. The Charter of Rights and Freedoms is a bill of rights enacted into the Canadian Constitution as part of the Canada Act in 1982. However, the Charter was Canada’s second attempt to protect the rights and freedoms of its citizens all throughout the country and on every level of governmentRead MoreCharter Of Rights And Freedoms1345 Words   |  6 PagesFreedoms The Canadian constitution is the foundation that forms and brings together our nation government and its legal system. You can also consider the constitution as a rulebook. It contains rules and regulations that political parties must follow in order to adopt, amend, or revoke a law. The constitution has three main sources. In 1867 the British North American Act passed, which was the first source of the constitution. A change was made to the BNA act and was patriated in 1982. It was then

Business Case For An HRM Initiative Importance Of Cost-Benefit

Question: Discuss about the Business Case For An HRM Initiative Importance Of Cost-Benefit. Answer: 1. HRM initiative In every business the importance of the human resource management is one of the crucial elements in order to operate the business in an efficient manner. Human resource management is the upgraded form of the personnel development programme. In the past the use of the personnel development programme was prevalent in case of different organisation. The use of the personnel management was in use to enhance the skill of employees. Nowadays the different organisations have undertaken different factors to improve the overall performance of employees in the organisation. Human resource development has incorporated various other factors in order to improve the performance of employees this includes the training development programme, motivation at the same times the safety security of employees within the organisation (Fee, 2014). In the present business organisation the use of the human resource development programme is one of the essential components. The current study is going to disc uss the initiative regarding the collection of the human resource information. The present discussion has been conducted on the basis of the organisation Sainsbury which is a retail organisation. Therefore the main initiative taken by the organisation is the development of a human resource management information system. The human resource information system is defined as the combination of the human resource management at the same time the information system. The human resource software is used by Sainsbury to manage information. Thus the human resource information system helps the company to collect store information with the help of the electronic system. There are different issues which are handled by the human resource management team in an organisation. These include the accounting, different human resource activities at the same time the payroll system of employees working in the organisation. The main responsibility of a human resource manager is to effectively utilise the resources of the organisation. Another objective of the human resource team is to manage the resources of the organisation towards different initiatives adopted by the human resource team of the organisation. In the present case scenario of Sainsbury, the human resource management has taken the above mentioned initiative to improve the present situation of the human resource team of the organisation (Armstrong Taylor, 2014). In order to do this the human resource manager has to consider various aspects like the cost benefit analysis of the project, the analysis of the return on investment. These analyses will help the organisation to get information regarding the feasibility of the project. If the project is highly effective for the improvement of the business organisation, then the organisation would be in a position to invest large amount for the project. The human resource information system is useful for enhancement of skill level of employees and improves their efficiency within the organisation. The increase in the efficiency of employees helps in improving the productivity of the overall organisation. The human resource information system also helps in improving the efficiency of the human resource management process of the organisation. This is also useful for the human resource team in th e decision making process. The quality decisions taken by the human resource team is essential in case of increasing the productivity of the management as well as employees within the organisation (Storey, 2007). There are numbers of HRIS available in the market, but it s the responsibility of the organisation to chose the best one which would be suitable for the organisation. This depends on various factors like the feasibility of the organisation, the requirement at the same time the affectivity of the system. For any business organisation, in order to initiate any project and to improve the business activity, it is important to have proper justification of the project. The company evaluates the costs as well as the benefit associated with any project. The business case is also defined as the documentation which incorporates all these factors. It is a kind of suggestion provided to an organisation to enhance the efficiency of the overall organisation. This is done with the help mentioning the anticipated future return out of the project. In case of Sainsbury, the organisation felt for the improvement of the human resource management. The organisation is using the manual system to record various data regarding human resource management, but it would be a challenging task to manage such a huge data base by the organisations human resource management. It is required to take the help of the modern techniques to improve human resource information system. This would be beneficial for the organis ation from different perspectives (Boxall Purcell, 2011). There are various key parameters which help in evaluating a business case the initiative taken to improve the human resource management of the organisation. These key parameters are cost benefit analysis at the same return on investment. The main purpose of the business case is the improvement of the human resource information system by replacing the Position Information Control System (PICS) at the same time the position personnel Data Base. The main utility of these two systems are to store track large number of data. The human resource management team is facing lots of difficulties in using these backdated technologies (Werner DeSimone, 2011). It has to be substituted by modern upgraded technologies. The present business case will take into account different costs associated with the project, the in depth analysis of all these costs different items related to the project. Cost-benefit analysis Cost benefit analysis is one of the most important parts of the business case analysis. To conduct cost benefit analysis the human resource team has to identify various costs associated to the development process. After the identification of the costs the next task of the human resource management team is to anticipate different benefits that the organisation will get in future from the present investment. This is essential for the organisation to compare the total costs associated to the new project related to the human resource management with total benefits the organisation can derive from the investment. After the thorough analysis of these data, the organisation would be in a position to take the decision regarding the investment in the project. If the costs are higher in comparison to the overall benefit, the project would be rejected by the organisation on the other hand if the benefits are more in comparison to the overall cost of the new investment, then the project would b e beneficial for the organisation (Boardman Boardman, 2008). Therefore the cost benefit analysis is one of the most important tools for most of the organisation to adopt with the objective taking any decision regarding any investment decision in any project. In order to accomplish the project it is required to prepare a cost structure of the overall project. In the present business case the organisation has taken the decision to replace all old technologies with new modern technologies to improve the efficiency of the human resource management (Jackson et al., 2011). The human resource management has to identify these costs associated with the business task. Factors Costs (in thousands) Software $25 Hardware $20 Software engineer $5 Project manager $4 Testing $8 Total $62 After identification of all these costs the human resource team has to identify all those benefits that the human resource department can derive from the initiative adopted by the human resource team. The organisation can be benefitted from the human resource initiative as follows: If the organisation invests in the project, it will help the human resource management team in the payroll system, training programme at the same time in the recruitment process. The improved human resource information system will assist the team in managing all employees of the organisation in an efficient manner improve the decision making process. The installation of new technology in the system will help the human resource manager in effectively utilising the time in managing employees of the organisation. The time to deal with the non strategic tasks will be reduced this can be utilised in other productive activities (Daley, 2012). This will help the organisation in improving the productivity and performance of people. Beside the above benefits the employees of the organisation will be able to exchange their information easily this will reduce the paper work of the department. As a result less number of employees will be required to manage these activities. All these factors will help in improving the productivity of the organisation at the same time in reducing the cost associated to the management of the human resource. These factors will be helpful for the organisation the benefit can be measured in the following manner: Since most of the activity will be done by software, as a result less number of employees will be in a position to manage these activities (Storey, 2007). It will lead to reduction in the employee cost. Most of the work will be done by the new installed technology; as a result the requirement of different resource will be reduced. This will lead to the cost associated with these resources. Since the same work can be done now at less time, therefore the time can be spent in other productive works. This will increase in productivity of the organisation. Finally mistakes in maintaining large number of files can be reduced in this process. Hence, it is a great benefit for the organisation. After analysing all these costs associated with the technology large number of benefits, the organisation would be in a position to analyse the investment decision. The human resource team would be able to derive more benefit in comparison costs. This will help in improving the organisational productivity. Return on Investment (ROI) Another tool which helps an organisation in analysing the investment decisions is the return on investment. This is a tool which helps the organisation in identifying the return out of an investment. In case of the present project the organisation has to calculate the return on the investment. If the human resource management has taken the initiative to initiate a project to improve the human resource information system, there must be some returns that the organisation will receive out of this. This return will help the organisation in compensating the cost incurred in completing the project (Arrow Kruz, 2013). If the percentage of return is more in comparison to the investment, then the organisation will invest in the project. The return on investment is calculated on the basis of the following formula. ROI= (Net profit / cost of investment)* 100. In order to calculate the ROI, it is important for the organisation to calculate the net profit from the investment in the project or the new initiative. It has been calculated by the organisation that if the human resource management invest in the human resource information system, then the cost of the investment is $62000. The net profit from the investment is $2000. Therefore the ROI= (2000/62000)* 100 Hence the return on investment is nearly 32%. This is a good return on investment. Therefore the organisation will initiate the project of the human resource information system. Evaluation After the implementation of the project it is important to evaluate the project to identify the way it is facilitating the performance of the organisation in general the department in particular. The evaluation of any project is useful in understanding the present situation comparing it with the past performance of the organisation. Therefore the evaluation of the project is done on the basis of the cost benefit analysis the return on investment. With the cost benefit analysis the organisation had taken the decision to invest in the project. The benefit attached with the project is more in comparison to the costs associated to it (Bulgurcu et al., 2010). Therefore it would be a wise decision to initiate the project. Similarly, the return on investment of the project is also very high. Therefore, both the analysis is in favour of the investment in the human resource information system. The investment in the current project has both the short long term impact. Since evaluation proc ess is one of the most important parts of the organisation, therefore it is important to prepare a plan to evaluate the performance of the new project. After six months the productivity of employees will be checked it would be seen that whether the new initiative has helped in enhancing the performance of employees or not (Werner DeSimone, 2011). With the help of the self evaluation, the 360degree method the graphic scale method it would be possible to measure the performance of employees. Similarly, it is important to identify the impact of the initiative in terms of customer satisfaction. Since, it is expected that the new initiative will improve the performance of employees, therefore the quality of product services will also improve. Therefore the feedback mechanism will fulfil the purpose of the organisation and satisfy the customers. Business Case Summary It is important at the first instance to assess the feasibility of the new initiative taken by the organisation. Therefore with the help of the cost benefit analysis the return on investment method, the organisation has concluded that the new project would be beneficial for the organisation. The new initiative of the organisation undertaken to develop the human resource information system will surely have positive impact on the organisational performance (Noe et al., 2011). To improve the performance of the new project, following recommendations would be beneficial for the organisation. The new system has to be implemented with proper care so that it would help the organisation to improve the performance of employees at the same time in enhancing the satisfaction level of customers. The cost structure of the project has to be set carefully so that the resource of the organisation can be utilised efficiently. Critical Reflective Analysis From the above analysis it can be said that the human resources information system has helped the company in getting a proper insight of the whole business process of the organisation. As a team member of the human resource management it has helped in gaining knowledge related to the process through which the human resource management can be improved. In order to initiate the project the various difficulties have to be faced like the financial issue, convincing the management of the organisation to initiate the project. In order to overcome this, the analytical tools have been carefully used to evaluate the whole process. This helped in overcoming the difficulties attached with the initiation of the new initiative. References Armstrong, M., Taylor, S. (2014).Armstrong's handbook of human resource management practice. Kogan Page Publishers. Arrow, K. J., Kruz, M. (2013).Public investment, the rate of return, and optimal fiscal policy(Vol. 1). Routledge. Boardman, A. E., Boardman, A. E. (2008).Cost-benefit analysis. Pearson. Boxall, P., Purcell, J. (2011).Strategy and human resource management. Palgrave Macmillan. Bratton, J., Gold, J. (2012).Human resource management: theory and practice. Palgrave Macmillan. Bulgurcu, B., Cavusoglu, H., Benbasat, I. (2010). Information security policy compliance: an empirical study of rationality-based beliefs and information security awareness.MIS quarterly,34(3), 523-548. Daley, D. M. (2012). Strategic human resource management.Public Personnel Management, 120-125. Fee, M. C. (2014). Human resources management. Jackson, S., Schuler, R., Werner, S. (2011).Managing human resources. Cengage Learning. Mishan, E. J., Quah, E. (2007).Cost-benefit analysis. Routledge. Noe, R. A., Hollenbeck, J. R., Gerhart, B., Wright, P. M. (2006). Human resource management: Gaining a competitive advantage. Storey, J. (2007).Human resource management: A critical text. Cengage Learning EMEA. Werner, J. M., DeSimone, R. L. (2011).Human resource development. Cengage Learning. Williams, B. (2008). Cost-benefit analysis.Economic Labour Market Review,2(12), 67-70.

Project Management for Features and Functions -myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theOrganizational Behavior in the Workplacefor Processes. Answer: In a workplace setting, the existing organizational behavior is likely to influence the manner in which employees interact with one another. Such factors have demonstrated the direct influence on the well-being of the workers, especially on collective work responsibility. Besides, when members of an organization refraining from working together, the institution is likely to encounter a decrease in the rate of growth and development due to inadequate employee satisfaction adversely affecting their contribution. As well, the organizational leadership will have challenges in exercising their duties if the interaction levels are poor, which makes the organizational behavior a critical aspect in management. However, the approach entails the manner in which different persons and groups within the organizational behavior and the related implications of such habits (Hofstede et al. 2010). On the same note, through organizational behavior, the management will determine the role played by syst ems, processes, and structures in aligning employee's behavior to provide a basis for the operations. Therefore, it is significant to examine the goals, types, and effects of human behavior in the organization to enhance continued growth and development. Similarly, in the determination of the goals of organizational behavior, the leadership should think of the positive influences of worker interactions within the institution to provide a clear picture of the objective. For example, employee behavior in the organization will allow for the demonstration of the different worker interaction levels. In such a consideration, the goals of the behavioral approach are to help in predicting and explaining the behavior of workers in the organization through the evaluation of the various influences. The different level of influences that are likely to be realized in an organization can be individual, group or institutional (Crowder 2012). However, the ideology in most cases will enable the management to understand the worker's performances and implement mechanisms of improving the different interaction patterns among the employees. Furthermore, the conceptualizing the idea of human behavior facilitates for the improved leadership, effective comm unication, the creation of positive organizational culture, and subject to motivation that provides a competitive advantage. In such regards, the development of behavioral goals builds a basis for growth in the organization. As well, institutions need to invest on worker's behavior since it gives an insight for the smooth running of the business activities. For instance, most successful businesses are more likely to demonstrate excellent interactions at different organizational levels because the managers have knowledge on how behavior can be used to influence performance. Such a move provides a stepping stone for strategic management and increased performance in the organization that should be considered (Rospenda 2005). On the same note, the organization is more likely to thrive when the workers are effectively led and encouraged to do their best. Nevertheless, the outlined benefits of organizational behavior may vary with the manner in which they are implemented. In working environments, the high job satisfaction, commitment to the mission statements, and increased productivity among others will be necessitated by proper relations among the workers, which determines the organizational profitability. Correspondingly, organizational behavior affects the manner in which employees make rational decisions, which makes them be distinct from others. Such a consideration provides the employee with a better understanding in the workplace and the operations, and mechanisms in which the organization can excel (Baron 2008). For example, effective business leaders appreciate the influence of interaction on the performance that helps them realize their goals by closing the gaps that exist in the institution to encourage togetherness. In such an approach, behavioral science is essential in understanding effective methods of leadership and change management for the benefit of all. For proper workplace communication, effective organizational behavior should be instituted because it allows for the interaction between workers at individual or groups/teams with the same objectives (Minor, 2006). Furthermore, the knowledge of organizational behavior determines the possibility of organizational chang e since it involves modification of human characters. Therefore, it is significant in monitoring the functionality of the organization. Different types of organizational behavior Organizational behavior exhibits various forms in managing the influence and interaction levels of the employees as individuals or groups. For instance, managerial control has demonstrated significance in the determination of organizational behavior at the workplace. However, managerial control encounters different kinds that affect the behavior of workers, like autocratic control where the manager exercises total influence or dictate the members of his or her organization (Breweton et al. 2008). As well, interactive control is exemplified in the working environment in which the employees have a voice and can be had to assist in the running of the organization. In such regards, the type of managerial control practiced determines a lot on how interactions are conducted and policies maintained. Besides, the different types of control affect organizational behavior both positively and negatively depending on the goals to be achieved (Balzer 2007). Nevertheless, autocratic control has de monstrated effectiveness in the short-termed organizations since the management shows little concerns about the workers that do not allow for a long-term contract. On the other hand, interactive control is essential for most organizations, especially in enhancing future development since the employees feel as part of the institution making them to increased productivity. On the contrary, the latter has limits that might affect the management due to the slow implementation and decision making the process from critics. Alternatively, the type of managerial control chosen by an institution will determine how the workers interact with one another and the realization of the organizational goals (Wagner et al. 2010). Therefore, if the control mechanism implemented does not provide for interaction among the members of staff, the management could be denying itself some valued inputs from being established to assist in the running of the workplace. As well, ethics form a vital part of organizational behavior since the ethical obligations are likely to suppress the unnecessary actions while allowing for the development of beneficial characters and attitudes. In such a consideration, the organization has to create an effective ethical policy to culture the good behaviors that will improve the situation of the workplace (Levy, 2006). However, to realize such an objective, the management must emphasize and enforce the organizational code of ethics to promote the positive interaction among workers, how they interact with customers among others. Such a move will enhance reduced employee turnover that encourages the development of the organizational behavioral culture (Crowder et al. 2010). On the contrary, high institutional worker turnover will pose challenges to the management since the newly acquired workers will take a reasonable time to adapt the existing culture in addition to bringing in irrational behaviors that never existed jeopardizing the organizational behavior. Therefore, the manager and his team should be in a position to eliminate any factor that can affect the organizational behavior through ethical codes and ensure a balanced interaction level for the benefit of the company. Further, accountability should be emphasized in the organization since it affects the manner in which the employees will respond towards an action. However, the organizational structure provides a key reflection of the accountability of organizational behavior, which should be maintained for business growth. For example, departmentalization among other divisions in the organization will enable the management to determine which individual or group is responsible for a certain function or help in tracing the source of the problem in the organization (Jex 2008). As well, accountability allows the management to recognize and reward performance in the organization since the success or failure of the workers can be evaluated and accounted individually or collectively (Ashkanasy et al. 2002)). From such a scenario, the workers will be motivated in their various lines of duty to improve their accountability, which is vital for the development of a corporate culture. Therefore, organizational accountability will encourage the development of positive staff behavior since every employee will be held responsible for his or her behavior. Much more, harassments at work provide an exemplification of negative organizational behaviors that that should be effectively addressed by the management promote the worker interaction levels. Such a consideration can be resolved through adequate training, enactment of ethical policies and ensuring diligence among the staff member (Tepper 2000). Besides, harassed employees are likely to feel lesser of the organization that hinders him or her from making a positive contribution due to the fear of intimidation from other employees or management. In such a response, organizational laws have been established to deal with the issue by eliminating the possible causes (Rayner 2005). Some of the reported harassment cases reported from workers include sexual exploitation, physical abuse, age and mental discrimination among others, which deters the employees from interacting with the rest of organizational members. Consequently, organizational behaviors have been evident as a vital component in the progression of the organization since it has negative and positive implication to the running of the institution. Besides, the policies developed within the organization will determine how the employees interact with one other, which in turn influences their contribution to the company. For effective and smooth management of the organization, the management should implement various policies that allow for the limitation of the negative behaviors, while encouraging good morals for the realization of objectives and goals. Therefore, workplace organizational behavior should be nurtured to improve the different levels of interactions for the benefit of the organization. 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Project Management for Features and Functions -myassignmenthelp Question: Discuss about theProject Management for Features and Functions. Answer: Introduction The paper focuses on the significance of project scope, which is considered as one of the significant part of project planning that mainly, helps in documenting as well as determining different deliverables, features, functions as well as goals of the project (Hornstein 2015, p.292). It is identified that both stakeholder engagement as well as project scope definition are inextricably linked and it is very much important to reflect the participation of stakeholders in defining the scope of the project as to prevent scope changes as well as scope creep throughout the project. The paper helps in elaborating the need of engaging stakeholders in context to project scope. The assignment also discusses the role that is played by the stakeholders in defining the scope of the project and for reflecting the impact that they have on project scope changes during implementation. Discussion Project scope is considered as one of the significant parts of project planning that generally helps in documenting as well as determining the list of deliverables, tasks, costs as well as deadlines. It is identified that engagement of stakeholders in project scope is very much necessary in controlling scope changes as well as in preventing scope creep throughout the project. Need to engage stakeholders in defining scope Project scope is considered as one of the significant factors for leading the project towards success as it mainly helps in defining the boundaries as well as deliverables. It is identified that engagement of stakeholders in the project is very much necessary for meeting various goals as well as objectives of the project. The statement of project scope includes information about project constraints, assumptions, exclusions, deliverables as well as acceptance criteria (Beringer, Jonas Kock 2013, p.834). If the stakeholders of the project are engaged during defining project scope then they will be able to know achieve proper information about the objectives of the project. Clear overview about project scope will be utilized by the stakeholders of the project successfully in order to complete the entire project within the estimated budget as well as time (Protic, Nestorov Vucetic 2014, p.14). Appropriate illustration as well as discussion of project scope not only helps in providing c lear overview about project objectives but also helps the stakeholders to work effectively by minimizing misunderstandings (Cascetta et al. 2015, p. 30). If the project scope is not defined properly, then it is quite difficult to execute the project properly and as a result, number of challenges occurs including scope creep and scope change. Role played by the stakeholders in defining project scope The project stakeholder generally helps in playing an important role in illustrating the project scope. It is identified that it is quite important for the stakeholders to understand the various objectives of the project before defining the project scope, which may deals with the creation of new product, new services or software. It is analyzed that the project manager helps in ensuring that the project team is quite helpful in delivering proper outcomes (Missonier Loufrani). The scope of the project generally helps in outlining the various goals that must be met for achieving a satisfactory result. It is very much significant for project managers to understand as well as define the various scope of the project. The steps that are utilized for defining project scope include identification of project objectives, sub phases, resources, budget, and schedule as well as project related tasks (Collins, Parrish Gibson 2017, p.1122). If all this parameters are properly identified, then the challenges as well as issues related with the project must be clarified. After this, the project scope will become clear to the stakeholders as well as team members of the organization for achieving the objectives of the project. Impact of stakeholders on the changes to the project scope during implementation Scope change or scope creep is considered as one of the dreaded thing that generally happens in any project as it causes wastage of money, time by minimizing satisfaction of the customers as the main objectives of the project are not met. It is identified that there are number of causes of project scope changes that include changes of business requirement, project resource change, and change of project budget as well as schedule (Fageha Aibinu 2013, p.164). If the stakeholders of the project does not understands the scope of project and started working with unapproved features of the project then the chances of scope creep rises. Due to scope creep, it is quite difficult for the stakeholders of the project to complete the entire task within the assumed time as well as budget. The stakeholders face difficulty in achieving the objectives of the project as scope change impact cost, schedule as well as quality of the project (Corvello et al. 2017, p.20). Therefore, it is quite important to prevent scope creep as well as controlling scope changes. The goal of scope creep helps in minimizing the impact of changes within the project including timeline as well as cost. Many organizations utilize methodologies on change control procedures in order to manage scope creep. Conclusion It can be concluded that if the stakeholders engages during illustration of project scope then the chances of scope creep reduces. It is identified that scope plays an important role within the project as it provides appropriate information about project constraints, assumptions, exclusions, and deliverables. Project scope helps in providing an overview about the objectives as well as goals of the project and thus it is found that stakeholder engagement in the project scope is quite important. If the stakeholders of the project are unable to focus on the project scope properly, then number of problem will occur within the project including obstruction in the progress of the project. Thus, it is identified that participation of stakeholder in defining scope of the project assists in preventing the problem of scope. References Beringer, C., Jonas, D., Kock, A. (2013). Behavior of internal stakeholders in project portfolio management and its impact on success.International Journal of Project Management,31(6), 830-846. Cascetta, E Carteni, A Pagliara, F Montanino, M 2015, A new look at planning and designing transportation systems: A decision-making model based on cognitive rationality, stakeholder engagement and quantitative methods,Transport policy,38, 27-39. Collins, W Parrish, K Gibson Jr, G. E 2017, Development of a Project Scope Definition and Assessment Tool for Small Industrial Construction Projects, Journal of Management in Engineering,33(4), 04017015, 8-1122. Corvello, V Javernick-Will, A Ratta, A. M. L 2017, Routine project scope management in small construction enterprises,International Journal of Project Organisation and Management,9(1), 18-30. Fageha, M. K Aibinu, A 2013. Managing project scope definition to improve stakeholders participation and enhance project outcome,Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,74, 154-164. Hornstein, H. A 2015, The integration of project management and organizational change management is now a necessity,International Journal of Project Management,33(2), 291-298. Missonier, S Loufrani-Fedida, S 2014, Stakeholder analysis and engagement in projects: From stakeholder relational perspective to stakeholder relational ontology,International Journal of Project Management,32(7), 110 Protic, D Nestorov, I Vucetic, I 2014, 3D Urban Information Models in making a'smart city': The i-SCOPE project case study,Geonauka,2(3), 12-16.